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Tobe Levin Freifrau von Gleichen ( *Feb 16, 1948) is an Associate of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University; a Visiting Research Fellow at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford University; an activist against female genital mutilation (FGM) and professor of English Emerita at the University of Maryland, University College.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.europe.umuc.edu/faculty/faculty-awards )〕 Having received her PhD in 1979 from Cornell University, she is most known for combining her advocacy against FGM with her academic scholarship in comparative literature. She has published over 100 articles, edited three books and founded Feminist Europa Review of Books. Her most notable work to date is ''Empathy and Rage. Female Genital Mutilation in African Literature.''〔Levin, Tobe and Augustine H. Asaah, eds. ''Empathy and Rage. Female Genital Mutilation in African Literature.'' Oxfordshire: Ayebia, 2009.〕 == Early life and education == Born in Long Branch, NJ, Levin was the daughter of Morris William Levin and Janice Metz Levin. In 1970 she earned her B.A. in English from Ithaca College (NY), graduating summa cum laude as salutatorian. Three years later she received her M.A. in French from NYU in Paris in conjunction with a degree from the University of Paris III (Censier). Her memoir de maitrise (M.A. thesis) treated images of women in Rousseau and Diderot and represented an early encounter with feminist literary criticism.〔Love, Barbara J., ed. ''Feminists Who Changed America 1963-1975.'' Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2006.〕 In 1973 she enrolled as a PhD candidate at Cornell University.〔(Undergraduate Faculty Listing ), University of Maryland University College Park website. Retrieved 16.03.2014〕 While pursuing doctoral research in absentia in Munich, she first learned about female genital mutilation (FGM) through Alice Schwarzer’s feminist magazine ''Emma'', and became part of the German national movement to end FGM.〔(Levin, Tobe. “Welcome and Editorial.” ''Feminist Europa. Review of Books.'' ) Vol. 9, No 1, 2009; Vol. 10, No 1, 2010; p. 9-10. Retrieved 16.03.2014〕 In 1979 she earned her PhD in comparative literature from Cornell University, with her dissertation on “Ideology and Aesthetics in Neo-Feminist German Fiction: Verena Stefan, Elfriede Jelinek, and Margot Schroeder.” She thus became the first scholar whose doctoral work featured the 2004 Nobel Laureate in Literature Elfriede Jelinek.〔(Profile: Dr. Tobe Levin von Gleichen ), Jessie Obidiegwu Education Fund. Retrieved: 16.03.2014〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tobe Levin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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